Jindandao incident
STUB: 1891 Han secret-society revolt across Josotu and Juu Uda leagues that massacred Mongols and prompted Beijing to weaken banner autonomy; the casualty figure is unsettled (roughly 150,000–500,000 across sources), and the dates and details here are reference-tier only.
PLACEHOLDER ENTRY. This is an intentional placeholder, not an unfinished or neglected entry: this atlas names and dates entities it cannot yet treat fully rather than omit them from the record, and this entry is deliberately held at minimal, reference-tier detail pending the specific scholarly source named in its VERIFY-GATE below.
The Jindandao (金丹道) incident was a Han secret-society revolt across the Josotu and Juu Uda leagues in November and December 1891 that massacred Mongols; it was suppressed by late December of that year. This atlas’s master chronology records its lasting consequence as political rather than only immediate: it strengthened Mongol nationalism and prompted Beijing to route Mongol-Han disputes and tax collection through Chinese provincial authorities rather than the banners themselves, weakening banner autonomy going forward. The chronology identifies it as the earliest node in this atlas’s land-reclamation thematic thread. Every date and detail here is reference-tier only, not independently citable scholarship.
Casualty figure UNSETTLED: estimates across sources range so widely, roughly 150,000 to 500,000, that this atlas treats the figure as genuinely contested rather than picking a number or a midpoint. This is recorded as a standing flag, not a gap to be filled by interpolation.
VERIFY-GATE (source located and titled; not yet consulted): the previously untitled Burensain reference is now identified: Borjigin Burensain, “The Complex Structure of Ethnic Conflict in the Frontier: Through the Debates around the ‘Jindandao Incident’ in 1891” (2004), an English-language study by the same scholar named for the Gada Meiren gate. His 2017 book The Agricultural Mongols (Shumpusha) also treats the incident’s role in the agriculturalization of eastern Inner Mongolia and is a second acquisition route. This atlas holds neither yet. One caution to carry into any build: in the located material Burensain characterizes the toll as “tens of thousands,” which sits below this atlas’s recorded 150,000–500,000 range, so consulting him may narrow or complicate the casualty figure rather than confirm the range, and the figure must stay flagged UNSETTLED until the source is read directly. Do not expand this entry with narrative detail, a settled casualty figure, or additional dates until Burensain has been consulted.
Sources
- Reference-tier encyclopedic material only, relayed via this atlas’s master chronology. NOT independently citable; see this atlas’s project notes for the standing caveat on this source tier. No claim above, including the casualty range, should be treated as settled fact.